If you boot a 64-bit kernel on an ARMv8-A platform, you’ll probably notice some output relating to PSCI. In this post, we’re going to explore what this is and why it’s there. The Power State Coordination Interface (PSCI) is an ARM standard that describes a software interface for power management between an operating system (not …
Author: Andrew Murray
5 Serial Automation Gotchas
Automated tests that make use of interactive consoles are commonplace. Whether it’s a Linux console over a serial port or a proprietary CLI over a network socket – they require little in terms of hardware yet give access to lots of functionality. However writing a reliable automated test can be more challenging and time consuming …
Flattened uImage Tree (FIT) Images
You’re probably familiar with the steps required to boot Linux from U-Boot: you first load several binaries into memory, perhaps a device tree, a kernel, maybe even an initrd. You then invoke a command such as bootm or booti with arguments providing memory addresses for the binaries you’ve just loaded. However there is a much …
Yocto Security Hardening: Security Flags
In our internet connected world, which relies on a growing volume of software – it’s crucial that new products are created with security in mind. Yet much of the software we create or depend on is written with memory-unsafe languages such as C and C++ – It’s a worrying fact given that 70% of all …
Power-failure-tolerant bootloader flashing on eMMC
It’s a widely held misconception that flashing a bootloader on a device in the field is risky. The reason is that if power is removed from the device during update, then the bootloader may only be partially flashed and thus won’t boot. This view is correct for devices that boot from a single location without …
Yocto Security Hardening: CVEs
The volume and complexity of the software running in embedded devices is not only astonishing but ever increasing – yet each additional line of code has the potential to introduce a security vulnerability. An attacker may only need to exploit one single vulnerability for a bad outcome to occur. Therefore the obvious way to reduce …
Booting Linux from Linux with kexec
The Linux kernel feature known as ‘kexec‘ allows you to boot from the currently running kernel into a new kernel – effectively turning a Linux distribution into a feature-rich bootloader. This shouldn’t be confused with virtualisation technologies that allow you to run Linux as a guest. This capability has been around since 2005 (2.6.13) and …
A Global Variable in U-Boot that caused a Hang
The best type of software bug is one where you get to learn something along the way. Like any good disaster, the bug we’re going to explore is one that arose from a chain of unexpected events and bad assumptions. This bug relates to uninitialised data and gives a good insight into the inner workings …
Multiple UVC cameras on Linux: an unexpected challenge
Earlier this year one of our customers presented us with an unexpected problem: they weren’t able to stream video from multiple USB UVC web cameras – instead they got a “No space left on device” error. In our quest to provide a solution we learnt a little about USB and so we thought we’d share …
Xmas Charity Fundraiser 2020
This Xmas the Good Penguin is raising money for Sparkle, a charity in our local community that supports children, young people, and their families, with disabilities and/or developmental difficulties. Verity Cadwallader, a corporate fundraiser at Sparkle tells us, “We support over 300 families per week through delivering activities and clubs such as independent living skills, …